国家税务总局


国家税务总局关于贯彻实施《注册税务师资格制度暂行规定》有关问题的通知
国税发[1998]15号

1998-02-06国家税务总局

各省、自治区、直辖市、计划单列市国家税务局、地方税务局、扬州培训中心、长春税务学院：
　　为了认真贯彻实施人事部、国家税务总局联合颁发的《注册税务师资格制度暂行规定》(以下简称《规定》)，促进税务代理事业的健康发展，现就有关问题通知如下:
　　一、提高认识，统一思想。《规定》是我国税务代理事业发展史上的一个重要文件，它把税务代理人员纳入了国家专业技术人员职业资格制度管理的范围，标志着我国的税务代理是受到国家保护和鼓励发展的重要社会职业。认真贯彻实施《规定》，对于提高税务代理专业技术人员的素质，加强税务代理制度建设，规范税务代理行为等具有重要意义。因此，各级税务机关要认真学习《规定》，提高认识，统一思想。要充分认识到实行注册税务师资格制度，是社会主义市场经济发展和深化税收征管改革的客观要求，是贯彻落实税收工作向征管转移、向基层转移的重大举措。要认真研究《规定》，结合本地实际情况，切实把税务代理工作抓紧抓好，积极稳妥地推进税务代理事业的发展。
　　二、建立机构，加强领导。为保证《规定》的有效贯彻实施，各省、自治区、直辖市和计划单列市国家税务局、地方税务局应按照《国家税务总局关于组建省级注册税务师管理机构的通知》(国税发[1998]6号)的要求，在1998年3月底前联合成立注册税务师管理工作领导小组并组建省级注册税务师管理中心。各地国税局、地税局要树立全局观念，抓住机遇，密切配合，共同做好省级注册税务师管理机构的组建工作，以确保注册税务师资格制度的全面顺利实施。
　　三、各级税务机构要充分利用电视、广播、报刊等媒体，对推行注册税务师资格制度的意义、内容和作用等，进行广泛深入地宣传，使党政机关的领导和广大纳税人真正认识和理解税务代理工作的内容及社会意义，支持税务代理工作的开展，为税务代理事业的发展创造良好的社会环境。要组织从事税务代理业务的人员认真学习《规定》和有关的税务代理业务知识，促使税务代理人员不断提高思想认识、业务素质和服务质量，树立注册税务师良好的社会形象，以适应社会主义市场经济的客观要求。
　　四、为全面实施注册税务师资格制度，经与人事部研究，决定于1998年第二季度末，对税务代理机构内从事税务代理工作的执业税务师，进行注册税务师资格考试(具体办法另行通知)，经考试合格者，予以认定注册税务师资格。年龄在60岁以上的执业税务师可自愿参加考试，对未参加考试或参加考试未取得注册税务师资格的，经省注册税务师管理中心按总局有关规定考核注册登记后，仍可继续从事税务代理业务。
　　全国统一的注册税务师资格考试，定于1998年第四季度进行。
　　五、为保证税务代理工作的连续性，在税务代理试点向全面实施注册税务师资格制度的过渡期内，实行执业税务师与注册税务师并存的双轨制，即取得注册税务师资格者，经注册登记后，可从事税务代理业务；未取得注册税务师资格的原执业税务师，除本通知第四项第一款规定者外，其执业资格保留到2000年。过渡期结束后，其执业资格失效。
　　六、为促使税务代理工作的顺利开展，总局近期将陆续制定下发注册税务师注册登记管理办法及规范税务代理行为的各种规章制度。各地可根据本地的实际情况，制定各项税务代理的具体规定和办法，如税务代理工作规程、管理制度及收费办法等，并不断充实、完善，以保证税务代理的正常运行，使税务代理事业更加规范化、制度化。
　　七、各地要在近期内对税务代理试点工作中已审批的税务师、执业税务师及税务代理机构进行资格验证，对税务代理行为进行检查。在总局新的规定下发前，各地不得再自行审批税务师、执业税务师及税务代理机构。
　　各地税务机关在贯彻落实《规定》时，要理顺税务机关与税务代理机构及其人员之间的关系，税务代理机构和税务机关必须脱钩；税务代理机构不准以任何方式强迫纳税人接受代理；代理机构和代理人员要严格自律，依照国家法律规定从事中介服务；收费要合理合法，要为纳税人提供优质服务。
　　八、本通知下发后，总局原下发的《国家税务总局关于开展税务代理试点工作的通知》(国税发[1994]211号)、《国家税务总局关于从严审批税务师和税务代理机构的通知》(国税发[1995]060号)和《国家税务总局关于进一步做好税务代理的紧急通知》(国税发[1995]215号)三个文件同时废止。为保证税务代理管理工作的连续性，各地在注册税务师管理中心组建前，暂由原税务师资格审查委员会及其办公室行使本地区税务代理的管理职能。
　　以上通知，请遵照执行。


国家税务总局

一九九八年二月六日


全国人民代表大会常务委员会


全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于惩治偷税、抗税犯罪的补充规定(附英文)

1992年9月4日第七届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十七次会议通过

为了惩治偷税、抗税的犯罪行为，对刑法作如下补充规定：
一、纳税人采取伪造、变造、隐匿、擅自销毁帐簿、记帐凭证，在帐簿上多列支出或者不列、少列收入，或者进行虚假的纳税申报的手段，不缴或者少缴应纳税款的，是偷税。偷税数额占应纳税额的百分之十以上并且偷税数额在一万元以上的，或者因偷税被税务机关给予二次行政处罚
又偷税的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处偷税数额五倍以下的罚金；偷税数额占应纳税额的百分之三十以上并且偷税数额在十万元以上的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处偷税数额五倍以下的罚金。
扣缴义务人采取前款所列手段，不缴或者少缴已扣、已收税款，数额占应缴税额的百分之十以上并且数额在一万元以上的，依照前款规定处罚。
对多次犯有前两款规定的违法行为未经处罚的，按照累计数额计算。
二、纳税人欠缴应纳税款，采取转移或者隐匿财产的手段，致使税务机关无法追缴欠缴的税款，数额在一万元以上不满十万元的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处欠缴税款五倍以下的罚金；数额在十万元以上的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处欠缴税款五倍以下的罚金。
三、企业事业单位犯第一条、第二条罪的，依照第一条、第二条的规定，判处罚金，并对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
四、纳税人向税务人员行贿，不缴或者少缴应纳税款的，按照行贿罪追究刑事责任，并处不缴或者少缴的税款五倍以下的罚金。
五、企业事业单位采取对所生产或者经营的商品假报出口等欺骗手段，骗取国家出口退税款，数额在一万元以上的，处骗取税款五倍以下的罚金，并对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
前款规定以外的单位或者个人骗取国家出口退税款的，按照诈骗罪追究刑事责任，并处骗取税款五倍以下的罚金；单位犯本款罪的，除处以罚金外，对负有直接责任的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，按照诈骗罪追究刑事责任。
六、以暴力、威胁方法拒不缴纳税款的，是抗税，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役，并处拒缴税款五倍以下的罚金；情节严重的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑，并处拒缴税款五倍以下的罚金。
以暴力方法抗税，致人重伤或者死亡的，按照伤害罪、杀人罪从重处罚，并依照前款规定处以罚金。
七、对犯本规定之罪的，由税务机关追缴不缴、少缴、欠缴、拒缴或者骗取的税款。对依法免予刑事处罚的，除由税务机关追缴不缴、少缴、欠缴、拒缴或者骗取的税款外，处不缴、少缴、欠缴、拒缴或者骗取的税款五倍以下的罚款。
八、本规定自1993年1月1日起施行。

SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONALPEOPLE'S CONGRESS CONCERNING THE IMPOSITION OF PUNISHMENTS IN RESPECT OFOFFENSES OF TAX EVASION AND REFUSAL TO PAY TAX

(Standing Committee, National People's Congress: 4 September 1992)

Whole Doc.
With a view to imposing punishments in respect of offenses of tax
evasion and refusal to pay tax, the relevant supplementary provisions to
the Criminal Law have been formulated as follows:
1. "Evasion of tax" means that a taxpayer fails to pay or underpays
the amount of tax payable through the adoption of the means of forging,
revising, concealing or destroying accounting books or supporting vouchers
for the accounts without authorization, or of overstating expenses or not
stating or understating income in accounting books, or of filing
fraudulent tax returns. Where the amount of tax evaded accounts for more
than ten percent of the amount of tax payable and is over Renminbi 10000
Yuan, or where the taxpayer evades tax again after having been subject to
administrative sanctions imposed by the tax authorities twice by reason of
tax evasion, the taxpayer shall be subject to imprisonment or confinement
with hard labour for a term of not more than three years as well as a fine
of not more than five times the amount of tax evaded. Where the amount of
tax evaded accounts for more than thirty percent of the amount of tax
payable and is over Renminbi 100000 Yuan, the taxpayer shall be subject to
imprisonment for a term of over three years but not more than seven years
as well as a fine of not more than five times the amount of tax evaded.
Where a withholding agent fails to pay or underpays the tax which has
been withheld or collected through the adoption of the means specified in
the preceding Paragraph, and where the amount of tax evaded accounts for
more than ten percent of the amount of tax payable and is over Renminbi
10000 Yuan, a punishment shall be imposed on the withholding agent in
accordance with the provisions stipulated in the preceding Paragraph.
Where the illegal acts specified in the preceding two Paragraphs have
been committed several times and no punishment has been imposed, a
punishment shall be imposed based on the accumulated amounts.
2. Where a taxpayer who has failed to pay the amount of tax payable
adopts the means of transferring or concealing the property, resulting in
failure on the part of the tax authorities to pursue the payment of the
tax in arrears, and where the amount of the tax in arrears is over
Renminbi 10000 Yuan but under Renminbi 100000 Yuan, the taxpayer shall be
subject to imprisonment or confinement with hard labour for a term of not
more than three years as well as a fine of not more than five times the
amount of tax in arrears. Where the amount of tax in arrears is over
Renminbi 100000 Yuan, the taxpayer shall be subject to imprisonment for a
term of over three years but not more than seven years as well as a fine
of not more than five times the amount of tax in arrears.
3. Where an enterprise or institution commits the offenses specified
in Articles 1 or 2 hereof, a fine shall be imposed on the enterprise or
institution in accordance with the provisions set forth in Articles 1 or 2
hereof, and the persons in charge and other personnel who assume direct
responsibility shall be subject to imprisonment or confinement with hard
labour for a term of not more than three years.
4. Where a taxpayer offers a bribe to tax officials and fails to pay
or underpays the amount of tax payable, an investigation into the criminal
liabilities of the taxpayer shall be conducted based on an offense of
bribery, and the taxpayer shall be subject to a fine of not more than five
times the amount of tax which has not been paid or underpaid.
5. Where an enterprise or institution fraudulently obtains a tax
refund through the adoption of deceptive means such as fraudulently
declaring the commodities it produces or operates as export goods, and
where the amount of the tax refund which has been fraudulently obtained is
over Renminbi 10000 Yuan, a fine of not more than five times the amount of
the tax refund which has been fraudulently obtained shall be imposed on
the enterprise or institution, and the persons in charge and other
personnel who assume direct responsibility shall be subject to
imprisonment or confinement with hard labour for a term of not more than
three years.
Where an entity or individual other than those as prescribed in the
preceding Paragraph fraudulently obtains a tax refund for export from the
State, an investigation into the criminal liabilities of the entity or
individual shall be conducted based on an offense of fraud, and a fine of
not more than five times the amount of the tax refund which has been
fraudulently obtained shall be imposed on the entity or individual. In
addition to imposing a fine on an entity which has committed the offense
specified in this Paragraph, an investigation into the criminal
liabilities of the persons in charge and other personnel who assume direct
responsibility shall be conducted based on an offense of fraud.
6. "Refusal to pay tax" means the refusal to pay tax by using
violence or menace. A taxpayer who has refused to pay tax shall be subject
to imprisonment or confinement with hard labour for a term of not more
than three years as well as a fine of not more than five times the amount
of tax the taxpayer has refused to pay. Where the case is serious, the
taxpayer shall be subject to imprisonment for a term of over three years
but not more than seven years as well as a fine of not more than five
times the amount of tax the taxpayer has refused to pay.
In the case of refusal to pay tax by using violence which causes a
person to suffer from serious injury or death, a serious punishment shall
be imposed based on an offence of assault or manslaughter, and a fine
shall be imposed in accordance with the provisions set forth in the
preceding Paragraph.
7. Where the offenses specified herein are committed, the tax
authorities shall pursue the payment of the amount of tax which has not
been paid or underpaid, or is in arrears, or a taxpayer has refused to
pay, or has been fraudulently obtained. Where a taxpayer is exempt from
criminal punishment in accordance with the law, the tax authorities shall,
in addition to pursuing the payment of the amount of tax which has not
been paid or underpaid, or is in arrears, or the taxpayer has refused to
pay, or has been fraudulently obtained, shall impose a fine of not more
than five times the amount of tax which has not been paid or underpaid, or
is in arrears, or the taxpayer has refused to pay, or has been
fraudulently obtained.
8. The present provisions shall come into force as of January 1,
1993.